OK, I've got to the nub of the problem.
Basically, it's like this : when the news module asks for the Url to be generated by the friendly url provider, it provides two basic pieces of information : the Tab and the required path.
The required path looks like default.aspx?tabid=xxx&newsid=yyy. This is what generates the right path, including the news id parameters. The Tab, however, that is passed in is for the home page.
The Url Master module expects that the Tab passed in is for the destination page, not the source page - which is why the Urls come out looking like they do.
I'm attempting to work out who is right and who is wrong here, but that's going to take some time to work through, and will require a new version from either Philipp or me.
In the meantime, I think the best thign for you to do is to manually craft up your Urls by manually constructing your template. You could do this by putting in a url like this:
<a href="/case-studies/newsId/[newsId].aspx">Read More...</a> instead of the [DETAILLINKURL] token.